V shaped valleys

River valley with a V-shaped cross-section. Such valleys are usually found near the source of a river, where the steeper gradient means that there is a great deal of corrasion (grinding away by rock particles) along the stream bed, and erosion cuts downwards more than it does sideways. However, a V-shaped valley may also be formed in the lower course of a river when its powers of downward erosion become renewed by a fall in sea level, a rise in land level, or the capture of another river (see rejuvenation).
The angle of the V-shaped cross-section depends on the rate of uplift of rock, the type of rock, the erosive ability of the river, the type of climate, and the stage of the river.

Waterfalls

A waterfall is where there is a sharp fall of water found on a river. Many people choose them as sacred spots. Their roar is massive and creates beautiful music. Many people love the serenity and peacefullness of them. At the bottom plunge pools are created. Plunge pools are made by the errosion of the water hitting the ground. Eventually debris from the top of the waterfall will plummit into the pool and will create a shallower plunge pool. All waterfalls move back slowly because of errosion. Niagra falls is moving back 1M a year.

Meanders and Oxbow Lakes

A meander is a bend in a river, they vary in size and can occur in any part of the river. Oxbow lakes occur over hundreds of year. As the river flows around the Meander the soil errodes on the corners. Eventually the river will join and after flooding a loop will be created. The loop will become isolated from the river and over time will become marshlands.